Orf is present on almost nine in 10 UK sheep farms, with significant cost and welfare implications, according to new research from the Royal Veterinary College (RVC)
A survey of 421 sheep farmers found that 88.8% had experienced the highly contagious zoonotic disease in their flocks, with farmers reporting a median treatment cost of £5/affected lamb and £100/flock, underlining its ongoing economic impact.
Despite its prevalence, the study highlighted limited veterinary input and pain management, with fewer than a quarter of farmers (23.8%) consulting a vet for diagnosis and only 34.5% using pain relief in affected animals.
A wide range of management options are currently being used, including antibiotics (both topical and injectable), as well as salt licks, gels and lotions, despite there being no cure for the viral disease.
The findings also raise concerns around human health, with nearly a third of respondents reporting they had contracted orf. However, farmers who wore gloves when handling animals were significantly less likely to become infected.
Nia Williams, livestock specialist at Nettex, said the findings highlight the need for a more proactive approach to managing the disease.
“The data clearly shows how widespread orf is on UK sheep farms and the impact it is having on both welfare and productivity,” she said.
“Farmers should speak to their vet if orf is suspected, to put in place the most appropriate control measures and reduce the risk of secondary infections.”
She added that while the virus is self-limiting, meaning it will eventually clear up on its own, the report highlights the need for further research into newer topical products, as well as the potential therapeutic effect of providing rock salt. There are some products available that can help ease symptoms and reduce the risk of secondary infections.
Ms Williams added: ‘Products such as Nettex Orph Paste are formulated as a soothing, protective emollient designed to support the management of orf (scabby mouth) in sheep and goats. It helps to soften scabs and condition the skin around affected areas, forming a protective barrier to maintain skin integrity and support recovery.”
“The most important thing is that farmers don’t overlook the disease, given the welfare impact it can have in flocks, both in lambs, where research highlights knock-on impacts on daily liveweight gains, and in ewes if they develop lesions on their udder.
“It’s also worth remembering that it can be passed to humans as it is a zoonotic disease, so the use of gloves when handling infected sheep is paramount, along with good hygiene.”
